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LAMP C No. 244,142.

Patented July 1-2, 1881 I mbwsses w (No M del.)

2 Sheets-Sh et 2. E. S; ER. L MP Patented July 12,1881.

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*mbwssesi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD S. PIPER, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

LAM P- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 244,142, datedJuly 12, 1881,

Application filed March 10, 1881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD SPENCER PIP- ER, of the city of Toronto, inthe county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have inventednew and useful Improvements in Lamps, of which the following is aspecification.

The object of the invention is to provide a lamp which will burnbrightly without a lampchimney, and which at the same time cannot beaffected by sudden gusts of air.

In the drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are sectional elevations, showing theconstruction of my improved lamp. Fig. 3 is an outside perspectiveviewof my improved switch-lamp; Fig. 4, detail of reflector.

In the drawings, A is a double lamp-case, an air-space being leftbetween the outer skill, w, and inner skin, y. This latter skiniscorrugated, and is provided with air-passages it, formed by groovingor creasing the inner skin, 51 which passages conduct the air admittedbetween the skins into the interior of the case A from below the burnerof the lamp, thus serving to keep the case cool by the current of airpassing between the two skins.

B is a chamber projecting below the case A, and forming a receptacle toreceive the lamp 0. The bottom of the chamber B is perforated on eachside of the lamp 0. The leg D is hollow, its top end being closed by thebottom of the chamber B, against which it rests, as shown. The bottom ofthis leg D is also closed, but is provided with a perforated falsebottom, E, for the purpose of checking and diffusing the cold airadmitted into it through the perforations at.

Asuitably-formed casing, extending from the bottom of the chamber B tothe leg D, forms an air-chamber, F, into which the air admitted into theleg D is discharged through the perforations I). From this air-chamberthe air escapes through the perforations in the bottom of the chamber Binto the case A. The top of the case,immediately over the burner, ispierced with a circular hole leading into the chamber G. A correspondinghole in the top of the chamber G leads into a circular funnel, H. Theinternal diameter of the funnel His about the same as that of the holeleading from the case Ainto the chamber G. A cone-shaped bottom isprovided for the funnel H, having,

(N0 model.)

however, a hole of suitable diameter in its apex. The funnel H isprovided with a top, which has, however, a hole of suitable size piercedthrough it immediately over and corresponding with the hole in thecone-shaped bottom of the funnel H. The hole through the top of thefunnel H is protected with an inwardlyprojeeting flange, d. An archshaped protector, I, is attached to the funnel H, and extends over thehole in its top. A corresponding archshaped protector, J, only of largerdiameter, extends from the top of the chamber G over the funnel H atright angles to the protector I.

The sides of the chamber G are perforated, which perforations areprotected by the inwardly-flaring guards K, which extend across thechamber G in front of the perforations referred to, and are corrugated,so as to direct the air in channels.

On reference to the drawings, in which the lamp 0 is shown in section,itwill be noticed that a circular tube, L, extends from the burner tothe bottom of the oilreservoir incasin g the wick M, the base of thetube L being scalloped, as shown, or perforated, for the purposeofpermitting the oil to pass into the tube L from the oil-cup. Theoil-cup is preferably filled with wick or some other suitable materialfor holding the oil, only sufficient quantity to supply the requirementsof the wick M being admitted into the tube L. The splashing of the oilout of the cup is in this way avoided.

In order to provide a vent-hole to permit the escape of the gas orevaporations from the oil, and that at the same time will not allow theoil to splash out, I make a cone-shaped stopper, f, having a hole, f, inits center.

While the principle of my lamp might be applied to lamps of similarconstruction, my invention is directed for the improvement of what arecommonly called tail lamps, used on railway-trains, and also forswitch-lamps. In lamps of this class the chimneys are constantly beingbroken, thereby destroying the usefulness of the lamp. The lamps of thisclass are also subjected to extreme drafts of air, by which the light isfrequently putout.

Owing to the construction of my lamp, which I have now fully described,no lamp-chimney is required, while the arrangement for the draft is ofsuch a character that it is utterly impos sible to blow the light outwithout opening the door of the casing. The cold air which entersthrough the perforations a passes up through the perforated false bottomE into the hollow leg D, and escapes into the air-chamber F through theperforations I). From this chamber it passes into the casing A throughthe perforations in the bottom of the chamber 13, and also throughsimilar perforations in the inner casin g of the lamp-case, asrepresented in Fig. 1. Bythis arrangement the cold airis caused tocirculate in'such a manner that any sudden drafts or gusts of windcannot reach the burner. Having supplied the burner with the necessaryoxygen, the heated air passes through the hole in the top of the casingA, and thence through the hole in the bottom and top of the funnel H,escaping through the open sides of the arch-shaped protector I.

In order to prevent sudden gusts of wind descending into the lampthrough the openings, the protectors I and J are relatively placed asshown; but as these would not alone be sufficient to accomplish mypurpose, I perforate the sides of the chamber G, through whichperforations the wind enters the chamber G, but is directed upwardly bythe corrugated flaring sides K through the coneshaped bottom of thefunnel H. By this arrangement a counterdraft is secured, whichsuccessfully counteracts any sudden downward draft which might possiblybe admitted through the holes in the funnel H. A certain quantity may,however, in. case of a sudden downward draft, find its way between theskins a; 3 just below the flaring sides K, and thence through theair-channels it into the lamp-case below the burner.

The lenses N, which are opposite to each other, are, of course, ofdifferent colors, according to the signal they are intended to convey.

. NVith the view of furnishing a reflector for each, which at the sametime will not interfere with the light, lplace behind each lens aconical-shaped reflector, O, havingahole in its apex to permit the lightof the burner to be seen through. Each of these reflectors reflects forthe lens opposite, and at the same time protects it from the color ofthe lens behind which the reflector is placed, the hole inthe reflectorbeing sufficient only to allow the flame to be seen. The flame, actingas a back for each reflector, prevents the color of one reflector beingseen when looking through the one opposite. As it is important thatthese reflectors should be easily removed to be cleaned, they are sprungintothe position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and are provided witha joint, 10, which can be easily opened in order to permit the removalof the reflector from its position.

Vvhat I claim as my invention is 1. In combination with a lamp in whichthe leg is made hollow, but closed at both ends, perforations made inthe leg near its base for the purpose of admitting cold air, withsimilar perforations near the top end of the leg for the purposeofpermitting the air in the leg to escape into a specially-formed chamberbelow the base or oil-vessel of the lamp, by which the burner issupplied with fresh air at the same time itis protected from suddengusts of wind, substantially as specified.

2. A double lamp-case having an air-space between the two skins and achamber formed on its top, the sides of the said chamber beingperforated and provided with inwardly-flaring corrugated guards K,extending across the said chamber in front of the perforations, incombination with afunnel situated above the channel and provided with acone-shaped bottom havingahole in its apex, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

3. The leg D, perforated at both ends, as described,and thedoublelamp-caseAdm-combination with the guards K, funnel H, flange d,and caps I J, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

EDW. S. PIPER. Witnesses:

H. H. WARREN, G. W. BALDWIN.

